Guinea

Republic of Guinea

LOCATION

Background: Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea and encouraged its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that provided one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. European traders first arrived in the 16th century, and the French secured colonial rule in the 19th century. In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and was exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections, and his first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. CONDE won a third term in 2020 after a constitutional change to term limits. In 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led another successful military coup, establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD), suspending the constitution, and dissolving the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed in 2022 and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Geographic coordinates: 11 00 N, 10 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 245,857 sq km
land: 245,717 sq km
water: 140 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania
Land boundaries: total: 4,046 km
border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 816 km; Guinea-Bissau 421 km; Liberia 590 km; Mali 1062 km; Senegal 363 km; Sierra Leone 794 km
Coastline: 320 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Terrain: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Elevation: highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 472 m
Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Land use: agricultural land: 73.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 24.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 43.5% (2023 est.)
forest: 20.3% (2023 est.)
other: 6.5% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land: 949 sq km (2017)
Major rivers (by length in km): Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambie (Gambia) river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 kmnote: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)
Population distribution: areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Geography - note: the Niger and its important tributary, the Milo River, have their sources in the Guinean highlands

Population: total: 14,374,590 (2025 est.)
male: 7,179,661
female: 7,194,929
Nationality: noun: Guinean(s)
adjective: Guinean
Ethnic groups: Fulani (Peuhl) 33.4%, Malinke 29.4%, Susu 21.2%, Guerze 7.8%, Kissi 6.2%, Toma 1.6%, other/foreign 0.4% (2018 est.)
Languages: French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages
Religions: Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 40.9% (male 2,884,146/female 2,835,794)
15-64 years: 55.1% (male 3,846,852/female 3,856,366)
65 years and over: 4% (2024 est.) (male 254,608/female 308,413)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 81.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 74.1 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.6 (2025 est.)
Median age: total: 19.5 years (2025 est.)
male: 19.2 years
female: 19.6 years
Population growth rate: 2.74% (2025 est.)
Birth rate: 35.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 7.69 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution: areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated, as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.9 years (2018 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 494 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 51.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 42.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.6 years (2024 est.)
male: 62.7 years
female: 66.6 years
Total fertility rate: 4.75 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 2.34 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: urban: 92% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 59% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 71.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 41% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 28.5% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density: 0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 39.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 60.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 60.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 39.4% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 7.7% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 15% (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 70.9% (2018 est.)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 17% (2018)
women married by age 18: 46.5% (2018)
men married by age 18: 1.9% (2018)
Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP): 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 9.2% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy: total population: 39.6% (2018 est.)
male: 54.4% (2018 est.)
female: 27.7% (2018 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years (2021 est.)
male: 9 years (2021 est.)
female: 8 years (2021 est.)

Environmental issues: deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices; water pollution; improper waste disposal
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Land use: agricultural land: 73.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 24.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 43.5% (2023 est.)
forest: 20.3% (2023 est.)
other: 6.5% (2023 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 38.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions: 4.505 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 4.504 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 34.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 596,900 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 230 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 60 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 226 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea
conventional short form: Guinea
local long form: République de Guinée
local short form: Guinée
former: French Guinea
etymology: the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea, but the name itself derives from the Tuareg word aginaw, meaning "black people"
Government type: presidential republic
Capital: name: Conakry
geographic coordinates: 9 30 N, 13 42 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name derives from konakri, a Susu word meaning "over the water" and referring to the city's location on a peninsula; it was originally the name of a local village
Administrative divisions: 7 administrative regions (régions administratives, singular - région administrative) and 1 governorate (gouvenorat)*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore
Legal system: civil law system based on the French model
Constitution: history: previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d'état; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Guinea
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: na
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 17 January 2026)
head of government: Prime Minister Amadou Oury BAH (since 27 February 2024)
cabinet: formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: the president is directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year single term, and the prime minister is appointed by the president
most recent election date: 28 December 2025
election results: 2025: Mamady DOUMBOUYA elected president in the first round; percent of vote -Mamady DOUMBOUYA (Independent) 86.7%, Abdoulaye Yero BALDE (DFG) 6.5%, other 7%2020: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%
Legislative branch: legislature name: Transitional National Council (Conseil national de transition)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 81 (all appointed)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
most recent election date: 1/22/2022
percentage of women in chamber: 29.6%
expected date of next election: December 2025
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Première Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts
Political parties: African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE Alliance for National Renewal or ARN Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA Bloc Liberal or BL Citizen Generation or GECI Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR Democratic National Movement or MNDDemocratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG Front for the National Alliance or FAN Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD Guinean Rally for Development or RGD Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR Modern Guinea Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD National Committee for Reconciliation and Development National Front for Development or FND National Union for Prosperity or UNP National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN New Democratic Forces or NFD New Generation for the Republic or NGR New Guinea or NG New Political Generation or NGP Party for Progress and Change or PPC Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD Rally for the Guinean People or RPG Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG Rally for the Republic or RPR Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDGUnion for Progress and Renewal or UPR Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG Union of Democratic Forces or UFD a or UFDG Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG Union of Republican Forces or UFR Unity and Progress Party or PUP
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Fatoumata KABA (since 19 April 2023)
chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 986-4300
FAX: [1] (202) 986-3800
email address and website: http://guineaembassyusa.org/en/welcome-to-the-embassy-of-guinea-washington-usa/
consulate(s): Los Angelos
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Mary E. DASCHBACH (since 15 July 2025)
embassy: Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry
mailing address: 2110 Conakry Place, Washington DC 20521-2110
telephone: [224] 65-10-40-00
FAX: [224] 65-10-42-97
email address and website: ConakryACS@state.govhttps://gn.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence: 2 October 1958 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Flag: description: three equal vertical bands of red (left side), yellow, and greenmeaning: red stands for the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow for the sun, the riches of the earth, and justice; green for the country's vegetation and unityhistory: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
National symbol(s): elephant
National color(s): red, yellow, green
National anthem(s): title: "Liberté" (Liberty)
lyrics/music: unknown/Fodeba KEITA
history: adopted 1958
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

Economic overview: growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change; slow infrastructure improvements; gender wealth and human capital gaps
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $59.439 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $56.251 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $53.297 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024: 5.7% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 5.5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2024: $4,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $3,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $3,800 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $25.334 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 8.1% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 7.8% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 10.5% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 29.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 25.3% (2024 est.)
services: 37.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 67.4% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 32.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.9% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 44% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -56.1% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products: rice, cassava, maize, groundnuts, oil palm fruit, plantains, potatoes, fonio, yams, sweet potatoes (2023)
Industries: bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing
Industrial production growth rate: 7.1% (2024 est.)
Labor force: 4.534 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024: 5.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 5.3% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 5.3% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 7.1% (2024 est.)
male: 6.2% (2024 est.)
female: 8% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line: 43.7% (2018 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018: 29.6 (2018 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5% (2018 est.)
highest 10%: 23.1% (2018 est.)
Remittances: Remittances 2023: 2.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Budget: revenues: $1.949 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures: $2.014 billion (2019 est.)
Public debt: Public debt 2016: 41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Current account balance: Current account balance 2023: $2.288 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $3.35 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: $4.639 billion (2021 est.)
Exports: Exports 2023: $12.008 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $8.898 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $10.266 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - partners: UAE 50%, China 36%, India 8%, Switzerland 1%, Spain 1% (2023)
Exports - commodities: gold, aluminum ore, cocoa beans, crude petroleum, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023)
Imports: Imports 2023: $8.365 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.749 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $5.353 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - partners: China 39%, India 9%, Netherlands 7%, Belgium 6%, UAE 4% (2023)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, rice, garments, construction vehicles, cars (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.887 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.11 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $2.183 billion (2021 est.)
Debt - external: Debt - external 2023: $3.764 billion (2023 est.)
Exchange rates: Currency: Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 9,565.082 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2019: 9,183.876 (2019 est.)
Exchange rates 2018: 9,011.134 (2018 est.)
Exchange rates 2017: 9,088.319 (2017 est.)
Exchange rates 2016: 8,967.927 (2016 est.)

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 47.7% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas: 91%
electrification - rural areas: 21.3%
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 1.06 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 3.624 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 424.356 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 25.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 74.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal: imports: 400 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 32,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 5.235 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 0 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 15.3 million (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 109 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media: government maintains control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private TV stations; many privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2022)
Internet country code: .gn
Internet users: percent of population: 27% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 3X
Airports: 16 (2025)
Heliports: 1 (2025)
Railways: total: 1,086 km (2017)
standard gauge: 279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
Merchant marine: total: 2 (2023)
by type: other 2
Ports: total ports: 4 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 1
small: 0
very small: 3
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Benti, Conakry, Kamsar, Victoria

Military and security forces: Guinean (or National) Armed Forces (Forces Armées Guinéennes): Army, Air Force, Navy, National GendarmerieMinistry of Security: National Police (2025)
Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths: estimated 10-12,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Guinean military's inventory consists almost entirely of ageing Soviet-era weapons and equipment along with small amounts of secondhand arms from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service; 9-12 months of service (2025)
Military - note: the Guinean military is responsible for territorial defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; in 2021 the Army’s special forces led a military overthrow of the government; the military-led government has since been accused of cracking down on dissent, the media, and political opposition; border security is a key focus for the Guinean military, particularly a territorial dispute with Sierra Leone that dates back to 2001 (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 2,343 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 5,160 (2024 est.)