THE WORLD FACTBOOK — Reference Edition 2026

Background: Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 13 years of internecine warfare in which a coalition of Khmer Rouge, Cambodian nationalists, and royalist insurgents, with assistance from China, fought the Vietnamese-backed People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK). The 1991 Paris Agreements ended the country’s civil war and mandated democratic elections, which took place in 1993 and ushered in a period of multi-party democracy with a constitutional monarchy. King Norodom SIHANOUK was reinstated as head of state, and the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and the royalist FUNCINPEC party formed a coalition government. Nevertheless, the power-sharing arrangement proved fractious and fragile, and in 1997, a coup led by CPP leader and former PRK prime minister HUN SEN dissolved the coalition and sidelined FUNCINPEC. Despite further attempts at coalition governance, the CPP has since remained in power through elections criticized for lacking fairness, political and judicial corruption, media control, and influence over labor unions, all of which have been enforced with violence and intimidation. HUN SEN remained as prime minister until 2023, when he transferred power to his son, HUN MANET. HUN SEN has subsequently maintained considerable influence as the leader of the CPP and the Senate. The CPP has also placed limits on civil society, press freedom, and freedom of expression. Despite some economic growth and considerable investment from China over the past decade, Cambodia remains one of East Asia's poorest countries.The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in 1999. A UN-backed special tribunal established in Cambodia in 1997 tried some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders for crimes against humanity and genocide. The tribunal concluded in 2022 with three convictions.

Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area: total: 181,035 sq km
land: 176,515 sq km
water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative: 1.5 times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Land boundaries: total: 2,530 km
border countries: Laos 555 km; Thailand 817 km; Vietnam 1158 km
Coastline: 443 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Elevation: highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
mean elevation: 126 m
Natural resources: oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land
Land use: agricultural land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 23.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.5% (2023 est.)
forest: 39.4% (2023 est.)
other: 25.8% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land: 3,540 sq km (2012)
Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s): Tonle Sap - 2,700-16,000 sq km
Major rivers (by length in km): Mekong (shared with China [s], Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam [m]) - 4,350 kmnote: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km): Pacific Ocean drainage: Mekong (805,604 sq km)
Population distribution: population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers
Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Geography - note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)

Population: total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.)
male: 8,362,224
female: 8,868,109
Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian
Ethnic groups: Khmer 95.4%, Cham 2.4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 0.7% (2019-20 est.)
Languages: Languages: Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.)
major-language sample(s): សៀវភៅហេតុការណនៅលើពិភពលោក។ ទីតាំងពត៏មានមូលដានគ្រឹះយាងសំខាន់។. (Khmer)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 28.9% (male 2,497,056/female 2,436,618)
15-64 years: 65.8% (male 5,456,941/female 5,765,206)
65 years and over: 5.3% (2024 est.) (male 323,591/female 584,257)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 51.2 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 42.9 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio: 11.9 (2025 est.)
Median age: total: 28.3 years (2025 est.)
male: 26.9 years
female: 28.9 years
Population growth rate: 0.95% (2025 est.)
Birth rate: 17.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution: population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers
Urbanization: urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 2.281 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.3 years (2021-22 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 137 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 27.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 31.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.4 years (2024 est.)
male: 69.6 years
female: 73.3 years
Total fertility rate: 2.14 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.05 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: urban: 93.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 72.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 78% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 6.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 27.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 22% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density: 0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 79.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 84.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 20.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 15.3% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 3.9% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 4.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.12 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use: total: 14.5% (2025 est.)
male: 24.9% (2025 est.)
female: 4.7% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 16.3% (2021 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 67.2% (2022 est.)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 1.9% (2022)
women married by age 18: 17.9% (2022)
men married by age 18: 3.3% (2022)
Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP): 2.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.6% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy: total population: 71.9% (2021 est.)
male: 81.5% (2021 est.)
female: 63.6% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 11 years (2023 est.)
male: 11 years (2023 est.)
female: 11 years (2023 est.)

Environmental issues: habitat and biodiversity loss from illegal logging and strip mining; destruction of mangrove swamps; soil erosion; limited access to potable water in rural areas; illegal fishing and overfishing; deforestation leading to sediment build-up in coastal ecosystems
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Land use: agricultural land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 23.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.5% (2023 est.)
forest: 39.4% (2023 est.)
other: 25.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions: 18.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.026 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 10.753 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 18.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.089 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 12.4% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 98 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 33 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 2.053 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 476.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia
local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic transliteration)
local short form: Kampuchea
former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
etymology: the name is derived from Kambu, a legendary ancestor of the Cambodian people
Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital: name: Phnom Penh
geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name means "mountain of plenty," from the Cambodian words phnom (mountain or hill) and penh (full)
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)
Legal system: civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia), customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law
Constitution: history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993
amendment process: proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cambodia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister HUN MANET (since 22 August 2023)
cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch
election/appointment process: monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; after legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch: legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: National Assembly (Radhsphea Ney Preah Recheanachakr Kampuchea)
number of seats: 125 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 7/23/2023
parties elected and seats per party: Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (120); United National Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Co-operative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) (5)
percentage of women in chamber: 13.6%
expected date of next election: July 2028
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: Senate
number of seats: 62 (60 indirectly elected; 2 appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 2/25/2024
percentage of women in chamber: 19.4%
expected date of next election: February 2030
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one third of the court renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court
Political parties: Cambodian People's Party (CPP) United National Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Co-operative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC)
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Koy KUONG (since 11 June 2025)
chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742
FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
email address and website: camemb.usa@mfaic.gov.khhttps://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Bridgette L. WALKER (since August 2024)
embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh
mailing address: 4540 Phnom Penh Place, Washington DC 20521-4540
telephone: [855] (23) 728-000
FAX: [855] (23) 728-700
email address and website: ACSPhnomPenh@state.govhttps://kh.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation: ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Flag: description: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double-width), and blue; a three-towered, stylized white temple outlined in black is in the center of the red band, representing Angkor Watmeaning: red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors
National symbol(s): Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox)
National color(s): red, blue
National coat of arms: Cambodia’s coat of arms is also the Royal Arms of Cambodia; the lions symbolize strength, courage, and the divine protection of the monarchs; the lion on the left is a gajasingha (a lion with an elephant’s trunk), and the lion on the right is a rajasingha (royal lion); both hold five-tiered umbrellas representing the king and queen, and they stand on a blue ribbon that says “Preah Chao Krung Kampuche”' (King of the Kingdom of Cambodia); between the lions is a crown with the Unalome, the Buddhist and Hindu symbol for the spiritual path to enlightenment, under it and a ray of light on top
National anthem(s): title: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom)
lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL
history: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Angkor; Temple of Preah Vihear; Sambor Prei Kuk; Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapora or Chok Gargyar; Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection (c)

Economic overview: one of the fastest growing Southeast Asian economies; rebounding tourism and clothing exports; substantial manufacturing and construction sectors; new trade agreements expanding agricultural markets; significant public debt; investing in new ports and roads
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $123.676 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $116.658 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $111.095 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024: 6% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 5.1% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2024: $7,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,500 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $46.353 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 5.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 2.9% (2021 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 16.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 41.8% (2024 est.)
services: 35.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 59.8% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 5.8% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 31.6% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.6% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 71.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -72.1% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products: cassava, rice, maize, sugarcane, vegetables, oil palm fruit, rubber, bananas, jute, pork (2023)
Industries: tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Industrial production growth rate: 9.5% (2024 est.)
Labor force: 9.904 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024: 0.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 0.3% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 0.3% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 0.8% (2024 est.)
male: 0.7% (2024 est.)
female: 0.9% (2024 est.)
Average household expenditures: on food: 40.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 1.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances: Remittances 2024: 6.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 6.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 6.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget: revenues: $7.076 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $8.285 billion (2023 est.)
Public debt: Public debt 2023: 50.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 12.2% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Current account balance: Current account balance 2024: $222.108 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $552.346 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$7.582 billion (2022 est.)
Exports: Exports 2024: $31.712 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $27.753 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $25.497 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners: USA 36%, Germany 6%, China 6%, Japan 6%, Thailand 5% (2023)
Exports - commodities: garments, semiconductors, trunks and cases, footwear, gold (2023)
Imports: Imports 2024: $34.329 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $29.421 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $34.759 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners: China 39%, Thailand 20%, Vietnam 12%, Singapore 6%, Indonesia 3% (2023)
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, fabric, gold, plastic products, synthetic fabric (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $22.506 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $19.984 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $17.801 billion (2022 est.)
Debt - external: Debt - external 2023: $8.019 billion (2023 est.)
Exchange rates: Currency: riels (KHR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 4,072.397 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 4,110.653 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 4,102.038 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 4,098.723 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 4,092.783 (2020 est.)

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 92.3% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas: 99%
electrification - rural areas: 88%
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 3.673 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 16.998 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 5.096 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 1.882 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 55.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 5.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 38.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal: production: 27,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.39 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 4.36 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 77,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 15.664 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 29,100 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2024 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 20.5 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media: mix of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 27 TV stations, with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station with multiple locations and 11 stations either jointly operated or privately owned, some with several locations; multi-channel cable and satellite systems; 84 radio stations, including 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a mix of public and private broadcasters; one international broadcaster is available, as well as one TV station that is jointly run by China and the Ministry of Interior; several TV and radio operators broadcast online only (often via Facebook) (2019)
Internet country code: .kh
Internet users: percent of population: 61% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 510,000 (2022 est.) Slowly increase as focus is on mobile internet
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: XU
Airports: 12 (2025)
Heliports: 1 (2025)
Railways: total: 642 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 642 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Merchant marine: total: 195 (2023)
by type: container ship 2, general cargo 123, oil tanker 18, other 52
Ports: total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 1
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 1
key ports: Kampong Saom, Phsar Ream

Military and security forces: Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie (Military Police); National Committee for Maritime Security (2025)
Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 2.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies; estimated 200,000 Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the RCAF is armed largely with older Chinese and Russian/Soviet origin armaments; in recent years it has received limited amounts of more modern equipment from several suppliers, particularly China (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for military service for men and women (2025)
Military deployments: 340 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025)
Military - note: the primary responsibilities of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) are border, coastal, and internal security; key security partners include China and Vietnam; in July 2025, following months of rising tensions, the RCAF and the military forces of Thailand clashed in multiple locations along their disputed border; both sides blamed the other for provoking the five-day conflict, which included cross-border artillery shelling by both sides and air attacks by RTARF fighter aircraft and dronesthe RCAF was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government’s military forces (Cambodian People’s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999 (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 28 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 2,526 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 75,000 (2024 est.)
Trafficking in persons: tier rating: Tier 3 — Cambodia does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cambodia remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cambodia/

Cambodia