Morocco

Kingdom of Morocco

AfricaNorthern AfricaMAR

Capital: Rabat
Area: 446,550 km²
Currency: Moroccan dirham (د.م.)
Languages: Arabic, Berber

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Morocco

Africa · 2024 est. · 37.4M people

Stationary (balanced)

0–14 years25.7%

15–64 years65.9%

65+ years8.4%

Background: In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king.

Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire, which broke down in late 2020, between Morocco and the Polisario Front -- an organization advocating the territory’s independence -- and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in 2018. In 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara.
In 2011, King MOHAMMED VI responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the North Africa region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. Later that year, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) -- a moderate Islamist democratic party -- won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, which was one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in 2016, but it lost its plurality to the probusiness National Rally of Independents (RNI) in 2021. In 2020, Morocco signed a normalization agreement with Israel, similar to those that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan had concluded with Israel earlier that year.

Location: Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Mauritania
Geographic coordinates: 28 30 N, 10 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 716,550 sq km
land: 716,300 sq km
water: 250 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than twice the size of California
Land boundaries: total: 3,523.5 km
border countries: Algeria 1,941 km; Mauritania 1,564 km; Spain (Ceuta) 8 km and Spain (Melilla) 10.5 km
note: an additional 75-meter border segment exists between Morocco and the Spanish exclave of Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Coastline: 2,945 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate: Mediterranean in the north, becoming more extreme in the interior; in the south, hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Terrain: mountainous northern coast (Rif Mountains) and interior (Atlas Mountains) bordered by large plateaus with intermontane valleys, and fertile coastal plains; the south is mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces
Elevation: highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m
lowest point: Sebkha Tah -59 m
mean elevation: 909 m
Natural resources: phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
Land use: agricultural land: 66.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 15.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 47.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.8% (2023 est.)
other: 20.3% (2023 est.)
note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert
Irrigated land: 17,645 sq km (2019)
Major rivers (by length in km): Draa - 1,100 km
Population distribution: the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are scattered through the Atlas Mountains, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards: in the north, the mountains are geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts; windstorms; flash floods; landslides; in the south, a hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Geography - note: strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar; the only African nation to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines; the waters off the Atlantic coast are particularly rich fishing areas

Population: total: 37,387,585 (2024 est.)
male: 18,664,263
female: 18,723,322
Nationality: noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan
Ethnic groups: Arab-Amazigh 99%, other 1%
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Languages: Languages: Arabic (official), Tamazight languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب ديال لحقائق متاع العالم، احسن مصدر متاع المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: the proportion of Tamazight speakers is disputed
Religions: Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i); note - Jewish about 3,000-3,500 (2020 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.7% (male 4,898,154/female 4,701,786)
15-64 years: 65.9% (male 12,236,752/female 12,410,567)
65 years and over: 8.4% (2024 est.) (male 1,529,357/female 1,610,969)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 51.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 38.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 12.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 7.8 (2024 est.)
Median age: total: 30.9 years (2025 est.)
male: 30.1 years
female: 31 years
Population growth rate: 0.81% (2025 est.)
Birth rate: 16.5 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 6.66 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution: the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are scattered through the Atlas Mountains, as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization: urban population: 65.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Major urban areas - population: 3.893 million Casablanca, 1.959 million RABAT (capital), 1.290 million Fes, 1.314 million Tangier, 1.050 million Marrakech, 979,000 Agadir (2023)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 70 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 20.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.2 years (2024 est.)
male: 72.5 years
female: 76 years
Total fertility rate: 2.24 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.09 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source: improved: urban: urban: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 65.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 87% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 34.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 13% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density: 0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: urban: 98.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 72.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 89.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 1.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 27.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 10.9% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 26.1% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 0.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use: total: 12.3% (2025 est.)
male: 23.7% (2025 est.)
female: 0.9% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3% (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 58% (2018 est.)
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 0.5% (2018)
women married by age 18: 13.7% (2018)
Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP): 6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 23.3% national budget (2024 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 15 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 15 years (2023 est.)

Environmental issues: in the north: land degradation and desertification, with soil erosion from farming, overgrazing, and vegetation removal; water and soil pollution from industrial-waste dumping; in the south: desertification; overgrazing; sparse water
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
International environmental agreements: party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Climate: Mediterranean in the north, becoming more extreme in the interior; in the south, hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Land use: agricultural land: 66.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 15.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 47.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.8% (2023 est.)
other: 20.3% (2023 est.)
note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert
Urbanization: urban population: 65.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions: 64.173 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 23.024 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 39.329 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.82 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 13.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions: energy: 36.6 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 283.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 377.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 6.852 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 25.4% (2022 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 1.063 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 212 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 9.156 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Total renewable water resources: 29 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks: 1
global geoparks and regional networks: M'Goun (2023)

Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
conventional short form: Morocco
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
local short form: Al Maghrib
former: French Protectorate in Morocco, Spanish Protectorate in Morocco, Ifni, Spanish Sahara, Western Sahara
etymology:
the English name of Morocco derives from, respectively, the Spanish and Portuguese names Marruecos and Marrocos, which stem from Marrakesh, the Latin name for the former capital of ancient Morocco; the Arabic name, Al Maghrib, translates as "The West"
Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital: name: Rabat
geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:
derives from the Arabic name Ribat el-Fath, from the words ribat (fortified monastery) and fath (conquest); the third Almohad sultan, Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Manṣur, gave the name to a fort on the site in the 12th century
Administrative divisions: 12 regions; Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Casablanca-Settat, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Draa-Tafilalet, Fes-Meknes, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Safi, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Souss-Massa, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
note: effective 10 December 2020, the US government recognizes Morocco's sovereignty over the territory of former Western Sahara
Legal system: mixed system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts
Constitution: history: several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011
amendment process:
proposed by the king, by the prime minister, or by members in either chamber of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; the king can opt to submit self-initiated proposals directly to a referendum
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Morocco; if the father is unknown or stateless, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: chief of state: King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Aziz AKHANNOUCH (since 7 October 2021)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers chosen by the prime minister in consultation with Parliament and appointed by the monarch; the monarch chooses the ministers of Interior, Foreign Affairs, Islamic Affairs, and National Defense Administration
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; monarch appoints the prime minister from the majority party following legislative elections
Legislative branch: legislature name: Parliament (Barlaman)
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: House of Representatives (Majliss-annouwab)
number of seats: 395 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 9/8/2021
parties elected and seats per party:
National Rally of Independents (RNI) (102); Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM) (87); Istiqlal Party (PI) (81); Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) (34); Popular Movement (MP) (28); Progress and Socialism Party (PPS) (22); Other (41)
percentage of women in chamber: 24.3%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: House of Councillors (Majlis al-Mustacharin)
number of seats: 120 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 10/5/2021
percentage of women in chamber: 11.7%
expected date of next election: October 2027
Judicial branch: highest court(s):
Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)
judge selection and term of office:
Supreme Court judges appointed by the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a 20-member body presided over by the monarch, which includes the Supreme Court president, the prosecutor general, representatives of the appeals and first instance courts (among them 1 woman magistrate), the president of the National Council for Human Rights (CNDH), and 5 "notable persons" appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members - 6 designated by the monarch and 6 elected by Parliament; court president appointed by the monarch from among the court members; members serve 9-year nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: courts of appeal; High Court of Justice; administrative and commercial courts; regional and Sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication); first instance courts
Political parties: Action Party or PA
Amal (hope) Party
An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj or Democratic Way
Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM
Constitutional Union Party or UC
Democratic and Social Movement or MDS
Democratic Forces Front or FFD
Environment and Sustainable Development Party or PEDD
Federation of the Democratic Left or FGD
Green Left Party or PGV
Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI
Moroccan Liberal Party or PML
Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD
National Democratic Party
National Rally of Independents or RNI
Neo-Democrats Party
Party of Development Reform or PRD
Party of Justice and Development or PJD
Party of Liberty and Social Justice or PLJS
Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS
Popular Movement or MP
Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV
Renaissance Party
Renewal and Equity Party or PRE
Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party
Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP
Unified Socialist Party or GSU
Unity and Democracy Party
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Youssef AMRANI (since 27 February 2024)
chancery: 3508 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 462-7979
FAX: [1] (202) 265-0161
email address and website:
washingtonembmorocco@maec.gov.ma

Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco in the United States (diplomatie.ma)
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Richard Duke BUCHAN III (since 3 December 2025)
embassy: Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi, Rabat 10170
mailing address: 9400 Rabat Place, Washington DC 20521-9400
telephone: [212] 0537-637-200
FAX: [212] 0537-637-201
email address and website: https://ma.usembassy.gov/
consulate(s) general: Casablanca
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence: 2 March 1956 (from France)
National holiday: Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
Flag: description: red with a green pentacle (five-pointed linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag

meaning: red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian Gulf; the pentacle represents the five pillars of Islam and the association between God and the nation

history: the design dates to 1912
National symbol(s): pentacle symbol, lion
National color(s): red, green
National anthem(s): title: "Hymne Cherifien" (Hymn of the Sharif)
lyrics/music: Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN
history: music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 9 (all cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:
Medina of Fez; Medina of Marrakesh; Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou; Historic City of Meknes; Archaeological Site of Volubilis; Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin); Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador); Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida); Historic and Modern Rabat

Economic overview: lower middle-income North African economy; ongoing recovery from recent drought and earthquake; rebounding via tourism, manufacturing, and raw materials processing; significant trade and investment with EU; reform programs include fiscal rebalancing, state enterprise governance and private sector investments
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $350.594 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $339.603 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $328.425 billion (2022 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.2% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 1.5% (2022 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2024: $9,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $8,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $8,700 (2022 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $154.431 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 1% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 6.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 6.7% (2022 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 10.1% (2024 est.)
industry: 24.1% (2024 est.)
services: 54.1% (2024 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 61.3% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 18% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 26.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 3.8% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 43.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -52.5% (2024 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products: wheat, milk, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, olives, apples, tangerines/mandarins, onions (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries: automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force: 12.475 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024: 9% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 9.5% (2022 est.)
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 22.1% (2024 est.)
male: 22% (2024 est.)
female: 22.4% (2024 est.)
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line: 3.9% (2022 est.)
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Average household expenditures: on food: 34.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 2.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances: Remittances 2023: 8.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 8.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 7.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget: revenues: $38.458 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $44.819 billion (2023 est.)
note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt: Public debt 2016: 64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues: 21% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance: Current account balance 2023: -$891.222 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$4.8 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$3.349 billion (2021 est.)
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports: Exports 2023: $61.746 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $58.575 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $47.09 billion (2021 est.)
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners: Spain 20%, France 17%, Germany 6%, UK 5%, Italy 4% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities: fertilizers, cars, garments, insulated wire, tomatoes (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports: Imports 2023: $73.759 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $73.81 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $60.215 billion (2021 est.)
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners: Spain 16%, China 11%, France 10%, USA 9%, Turkey 5% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, coal (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $37.134 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $36.328 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $32.314 billion (2022 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external: Debt - external 2023: $42.262 billion (2023 est.)
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates: Currency: Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 9.942 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 10.131 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 10.161 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 8.988 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 9.497 (2020 est.)

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 14.615 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 36.379 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 462 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 2.311 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 7.781 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 78.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 15.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal: consumption: 10.304 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 25 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 10.344 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 96 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 25 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 296,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 684,000 barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas: production: 55.473 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 912.277 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 861.38 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 1.444 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 23.52 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 2.874 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 55.9 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 137 (2021 est.)
Broadcast media: 2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV is available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks, with RTM operating one; the state-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2019)
Internet country code: .ma
Internet users: percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2.42 million (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2022 est.)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CN
Airports: 48 (2025)
Heliports: 17 (2025)
Railways: total: 2,067 km (2014)
standard gauge: 2,067 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified)
Merchant marine: total: 94 (2023)
by type: container ship 6, general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 81
Ports: total ports: 12 (2024)
large: 3
medium: 1
small: 3
very small: 5
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Agadir, Casablanca, Tanger, Tangier-Mediterranean

Military and security forces: Royal Moroccan Armed Forces (FAR): Royal Moroccan Army (includes the Moroccan Royal Guard), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force, Moroccan Royal Guard, Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie

Ministry of Interior: General Directorate for National Security (DGSN; aka National Police), Auxiliary Forces (2025)
note 1: the Royal Guard is officially part of the Army but is under the direct operational control of the Royal Military Household of His Majesty the King; it provides for the security and safety of the King and royal family; it was established in the 11th century and is considered one of the world's oldest active units still in military service

note 2: the DGSN manages internal law enforcement in cities; the Gendarmerie is responsible for law enforcement in rural regions and on national highways and has a counterterrorism role; the Auxiliary Forces provide support to the Gendarmerie and DGSN
Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024: 4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 4.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths: estimated 220,000 active Armed Forces (175,000 Army; 10,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force, 20,000 Gendarmerie) (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Moroccan military's inventory is mostly a mix of older and some more modern armaments from France and the US (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 19-25 years of age for 12-month compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (2025)
Military deployments: 775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 890 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)
Military - note: the Royal Armed Forces (FAR) are responsible for protecting Morocco’s national interests, sovereignty, and territorial integrity; key areas of concern for the FAR include international terrorism, maritime security, and regional challenges such as the Polisario Front in Western Sahara and Algeria; the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), an organization that seeks the independence of Western Sahara, disputes Morocco’s claim of sovereignty over the territory; Moroccan and Polisario forces fought intermittently from 1975, when Spain relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission; the Polisario withdrew from the cease-fire in November 2020, and since then there have been reports of low-intensity hostilities between Morocco and the Polisario Front across the 2,500-kilometer-long berm built in 1987 that separates the two sides; Algeria is seen as a regional rival and has openly backed the Polisario Front

the FAR participates in international peacekeeping operations, as well as both bilateral and multinational training exercises; it has relations with a variety of partners including the militaries of France, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and the US, as well as NATO, the Arab League, and the African Union; Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the FAR was created in May 1956; Moroccans were recruited for service in the Spahi and Tirailleur regiments of the French Army during the period of the French protectorate (1912-1956), and Moroccans fought under the French Army during both World Wars, as well as the First Indochina War (1946-1954); the Spanish Army recruited Moroccans from the Spanish Protectorate during both the Rif War (1921-26) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but continues to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2025)

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 18,848 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 256 (2024 est.)